La Cosa Nostra Essay -- essays research papers fc

La Cosa Nostra Perhaps one of the most poignant moments in American cinema is the closing scene in the film â€Å"The Godfather† when Don Vito Corleone’s son Michael takes over his father’s position... and one of the most unforgettable moments, a severed horses’s head lies bloody in a man’s bed. It is this tradition and brutality that characterizes the Mafia, a secret Sicilian society that lives and functions just as much today on American soil as it did and does still in Italy. To understand this organized crime, one must begin to understand how it came to be organized in the first place. During the medieval times in Sicily, Arabs invaded the land and native Sicilians fled and took refuge in the hills. Some of these refugees formed a secret society that gave protection to the people in exchange for money. This group took their name, â€Å"Mafia† based on the Arabic word for refuge. In America today, one can hear it also be called â€Å"La C osa Nostra†, or â€Å"This Thing of Ours.† In the 1700s,Wealthy people would receive a card with a black hand drawn on and if they did not pay the money, they could expect murder, theft, and violence. During the time Mussolini was ruling Italy, this secret society was under heavy persecution and many fled to the United States. â€Å"Don (term for the boss or head of a Mafia family) Vito Cascio Ferro fled to the United States in 1901 to escape arrest. He is known as the Father of American Mafia.† (La Cosa Nostra) Many Italian immigrants came to the United States through Ellis Island in New York, which is today the most important center of organized Mafia crime in the United States. The new American Mafia came to power during the Prohibition by organizing the sale of outlawed alcohol, but after Prohibition was revoked, the Mafia needed a new â€Å"racket.† During the war, the Mafia got government issued ration stamps and sold them on the black market. These days the Mafia is involved in running prostitution, unions, construction, and gambling. New York, also called the â€Å"City that never sleeps,† houses the Five Families of New York. These Families are highly influential and powerful crime families and each holds claim to certain â€Å"rackets.† The Five Families are: Gambino, Bonano, Lucchese, Colombo, and Genovese. While all people in the Mafia are required to maintain certain silence about the workings of the Family, a code of silence called â€Å"Omerta,† d... ...si in America as it was in Sicily. â€Å"Say what you will about me, but don’t think it applies to my family.† (Godfather II) The Mafia, a group of stylized criminals, exists as a hidden power in our world today and shall remain to do so into the new millenium by controlling underground markets and making this world an offer they can’t refuse. Bibliography The Godfather. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. Perf. Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Caan. Paramount, 1972. The Godfather, Part II. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. Perf. Al Pacino, Robert Duvall. Paramount, 1974 â€Å"La Cosa Nostra.† Online. World Wide Web. 4 June 1999. Available http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/9880/index.html La Vien, Douglas and Papa, Juliet . (1993) The Mafia Handbook. Penguin Books. Machi, Mario. â€Å"Mario’s Mafia Page.† Online. World Wide Web. 4 June 1999. Available http://www.naxs.com/people/mmachi/mafia Malta, J. Geoff. â€Å"The Godfather Trilogy.† Online. World Wide Web. 1 June 1999. Available http://www.jgeoff.com/godfather.html Wiseguy & Company, Inc. â€Å"Unofficial Homepage of the New York Mafia.† Online. World Wide Web. 4 June 1999. Available http://www.users.aol.com/whizkid01/index.html Word Count: 1132

Ib Biology Hl Notes

Genes and Genetics 1. 2. each chromosome exists as two genetically identical chromatids attached to their centromere. Each chromosome appears as two chromatids attached to a centromere. In the first meiotic division chromosomes align in homologous pairs. Points of contact form between members of the same homologous pair. The points of contact or crossing over between members of a homologous pair are the chiasmata. 3. The homologous pairs move to the equator of the cell. Equal lengths of the chromatids of the same homologous pair have broken off and crossed over. The chromosomes align at random and independantly.Only one possible arrangement is shown. 4. Homologous pairs align at random at the equator of the cell. This shows the early separation of the chromosomes of each of the homologous pairs. 5. Homologous pairs are separated. This shows the cell at an early stage of meiotic division. The cell membrane is starting to pinch inwards. 6. The cell divides to form two cells each with a haploid set of chromosomes. Cell division is complete and two cells containing a haploid set of chromosomes are formed. 7. In the second meiotic division the chromosomes in each cell align independently and randomly at the equator of the cell. . The chromatids in each cell are separated. The chromatids are pulled towards the opposite poles of the cell. 9. The cells divide. The cell membrane is starting to pinch inwards. 10. Cell division is complete, resulting in the formation of four cells each with the haploid number. 11. Meiosis – Functions ? ? Halving the chromosome number – meiosis consists of two nuclear divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II) but the chromosomes replicate once. Producing four daughter cells. Each are haploid Producing Genetic Variety – through prophase I and through random assortment during metaphase I.In addition, random fertilisation also produces variety since any gamete has an equal chance on combining. Crossing Over – during pro phase one, homologous chromosomes combine to form bivalent so maternal and paternal chromosomes are adjacent. Homologous pairs contain same genes but different alleles. They line up and non-sister chromatids break then they rejoin in corresponding position on other chromatid. Region this occurs is called the chiasma (chiasmata). Point where this is in random but not all chromatids form a chiasma and some dont happen at all. Therefore, chromatids keep alleles.Monohybrid and Dihybrid Inheritance0 There Codominance – both alleles have an effect on a phenotype neither allele is recessive multiple allels – 3 alleles in blood typed these are Ia , Ib and ‘i' (Io) these 3 alleles make up the phenotype and genotypes in the blood gene. Sex Link Genes Autosome (normal chromosome) pairs are said to be linked. Meaning they contain the same locus on a gene. HOMEWORK 2 b) Genotypes Gametes F1 Genotypes Phenotypes – AB BO A B B O AB AO BB BO AB, A, -B, B 4 b) Bw Tl Male G ametes- B,w T,l ww ll Female Gametes – w,w,l,l B w w Bw Bw w ww ww ) Polygenic inheritance of skin colour – Depends on the amount of pigment that is produced in the skin. Melanin synthesis is controlled by genes. The degree of pigmentation can range from very dark to very pale. Several genes are involved in skin colour determination and these produce continuous variation. Each gene has two alleles so there are numerous outcomes for example when three genes are involved there are seven outcomes. One allele M contributes to melanin. 7. 4. 6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Ribosomes are made of two subunits, large and small Small subunits binds to the first codon on the mRNA.This is the initiation part of translation. The first codon is usually AUG and codes for the amino acid methionine. Large Sub-units will now bind and two binding sites for tRNA sit over the first two codons Transfer RNA with the correct with the correct anticodon will lock into the first tRNA binding site and f orm hydrodgen bonds to the first codon. The second tRNA will now enter into the second binding site as it has the correct anti-codon Each tRNA has its own specific amino acid, and now a peptide bond forms between these amino acids.This is the beginning of elongation ( joining amino acids to make a polypeptide) the first tRNA now breaks away and moves into the exit site and now the next codon has to be read. the small subunit shifts down the mRNA in a 5†² 3†² direction followed by the large subunit the second tRNA now moves down into the neighbouring binding site and the third tRNA can now move onto the mRNA and locks them to the exposed binding site another peptide bond is formed this process of the ribosome moving along the mRNA is called translocation eventually the ribosome reaches the last codon and it has no corresponding anti-codon so no tRNA will bind. This is a biological full-stop and this is termination.The ribosome sub units break apart, releasing the polypeptid e chain, which will now coil into its secondary and tertiary structures to form a protein. CroCrossing Over (p237) ? ? ? ? Crossing over occurs during prophase one. Chromosomes shorten and coil and homologous pairs of chromosomes come together form a bivalent Chromosomes ontain the same genes but have different alleles. Two segments then rejoin from broken chromatids at corresponding positions. Mendel's law of Independent assortment When gametes are formed, the separation of one pair of alleles into the new cells is independent of the separation of any other pairs. or; either pair of alleles is equally likely to be inherited with either of another pair. production but m does not making MMMMMM the darkest and mmmmmmm the palest. Polymerase chain reaction is used to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA.It can be useful when only a small amount of DNA is available but a large amount is required to undergo testing. We can use DNA from blood, semen, tissues and so on from crime scen es for example. The PCR requires high temperature and a DNA polymerase enzyme from Thermus aquaticus (a bacterium that lives in hot springs). Sample is heated which denatures DNA and separates into two strands. Thermophlils Aquaticus is a bacterium which Polymerase increases rate of base pair creation. Replication in a few hours 4. 4. In gel electrophoresis, fragments of DNA move in an electrical field and are separated according to their size. Electric charge separatees DNA and allows to see natural variation in DNA Restriction Enzymes cut to produce varying fragment sizes. magnetic field so all DNA (-ve charged) move different distances and then are stained. this leaves a DNA profile Chamber, power supply, gel it doesn't mater 4. 4. 4 Organisms have short sequences of bases which are repeated many times. These are called satellite DNA. These repeated sequences vary in length from person to person.The DNA is copied using PCRand then cut up into small fragments using restriction enz ymes. Gel electrophoresis separates fragmented pieces of DNA according to their size and charge. This gives a pattern of bands on a gel which is unlikely to be the same for two individuals. This is called DNA profiling. DNA profiling can be used to determine paternity and also in forensic investigations to get evidence to be used in a court case for example. Human Genome ? It is now easier to study how genes influence human development. ? It helps identify genetic iseases. ? It allows the production of new drugs based on DNA base sequences of genes or the structure of proteins coded for by these genes. ? It will give us more information on the origins, evolution and migration of humans. ? 20,000 – 25,000 ? Carried out in 1990 to map entire DNA base sequence the whole genome. 3 billion pairs in 2003. ? Spots added to a solid surface. Can determine levels of thousands of genes by measuring mRNA spots on microarray. Generating profile of expression on a cell Pharmacogenomics â⠂¬â€œ drugs which target specific genomes.

The Minimum Wage Should Not Be Paid Essay - 1951 Words

The federal minimum wage shouldn’t be higher because it doesn’t contribute to society, the people of America should be paid more because an average person in today s society cannot survive, and parents can’t provide a stable environment for their children, the work being done is worth than what is being received, the underpaid are made to have multiple jobs just to make ends meet. l minimum wage has been one of the most talked about social issues since it was in was introduced in the year of 1938. To increase the federal minimum wage has pros as well as cons. I believe that the increase of minimum wage would not only give more people motivation but it can increase the livelihoods of individuals in poverty and strengthen business and the economy all at once. The average American in the today s society cannot live off of $7.25 an hour. In cities, such as New York, the cost of living is far too high for a minimum wage pay rate. Jobs that pay minimum wage are paid bi -weekly, those people that are paid bi-weekly have a tough first week, and it can also make the following week after that hard as well. The average American household spends about $151 every week on groceries, that amount will consist of about half of a person s check if they are paid minimum wage seeing as how during a full 40 hour work week they make $290 dollars not to mention the breaks that they are required to clock out for so the average person doesn’t even see a whole 40 hours in a week full-time orShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Should Be Paid2347 Words   |  10 Pagesthemselves, solely on the income from a minimum wage job. With federal minimum wage sitting just over seven dollars an hour, those tasked with budgeting these kind of meager earnings have begun to question why they dont deserve more pay. Some states have their own laws with discretion over minimum wage pay, and 29 states and DC all currently have minimum wage standards higher than the federal standard, but not necessarily by much. Those working labor jobs, where minimum wage is the compensation they receiveRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Not Be Paid Essay1910 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1938 congress instituted minimum wage with 25 cents an hour being the first wage. After 78 years seven dollars has been the increase of minimum wage, stated by the article listed on, Heritage.org . Every year the cost of living and surviving in this country increases. You would think after 78 years, minimum wage would not be at $7.25. Many college students work part-time jobs that pays minimum wage to have some extra cash in their pockets or pay a few minor bills. Having a part time job is perfectlyRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Paid845 Words   |  4 Pagesearning the increased minimum salary to earn the same amount of compensation as CEO Doug McMillon. The answer? It would take more than 2.8 million hours of earning $9 per hour to reach the roughly $25.6 million in compensation McMillon earned in 2014, his first year on the job.† (Huddleston) This is just one glimpse into the reality of the problem America is facing by not raising the minimum wage and investing money back into Americans. Arizona s lack of action to raise minimum wage from $8.05 keepsRead MoreShould The Minimum Wage Be Paid?993 Words   |  4 PagesMany case in USA suffering from the very low hourly payment according to Talk poverty: As wages go down, the percentage of workers relying on public assistance gets higher: 60 percent of workers earning less than $7.42—only slightly higher than the $7.25 federal minimum wage—receive some form of means-tested public assistance. Overall, 70 percent of the benefits in programs meant to aid non-elderly low-income households—programs like food stamps, Medicaid, and the Earned Income Tax Credits—go toRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Paid?903 Words   |  4 Pagescandidate for this years election, recently claimed that wages are too high in America. One may wonder if he was lost in some so rt of day dream or maybe he was talking about his own wages? As someone who has never had to worry about money, considering his families wealthy background, how would he possibly know what its like to live barely get by living off the federal minimum wage? Consider someone who is able to work a full time job being paid minimum wage, after taxes are taken out of their paycheck theyRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage On The Economy1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects Minimum Wage on the Economy The controversial topic about increasing minimum wage is debated countless times over the years. Minimum wage is the lowest wage an employer can pay an employee permitted by law. The contemporary federal minimum wage is $7.25. Minimum wage applies to all domestic workers but teenagers are the main receivers of minimum wage. Minimum wage has a major effect on the economy. The question is are the effects positive or negative. There are many arguments on whetherRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised?958 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum Wage Louis Montgomery III English Composition 101 Mrs. Blackwell April 23, 2015 Minimum Wage Do minimum wage jobs help pay the bills? Do minimum wage jobs support the family? Should minimum wage be raised? Will raising the minimum wage reduce poverty? The idea of minimum wage jobs is to help people get work experience without having any skills. Most minimum wage jobs include fast food restaurants and grocery stores. Minimum wageRead MoreEffects Of Minimum Wage In South Africa708 Words   |  3 Pagesrelates back to the minimum wage. Minimum wage, defined by Google, is the lowest wage permitted by law or by a special agreement. This raises many questions such as: Is it fair to pay everyone the same minimum wage even though their jobs are different? Many people believe that the minimum wage should not exist and that people should get paid according to the work which they do. The minimum wage is a good law, I believe. A huge percentage of the labour force was paid an hourly wage equal to or belowRead MoreWhy The Minimum Wage Should Be Raised?1410 Words   |  6 Pagesraised the minimum wage to $7.25. However, six years later the minimum wage rage remains the same. It is time once again for the federal government to raise the minimum wage to spur the economy. Raising the minimum wage would help the American economy and the daily life of the citizens for a variety of reasons. The first topic is that it not only would help the people but it also would help the economy as a whole. The second topic is that companies are already raising the minimum wage because ofRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Legal905 Words   |  4 PagesRise in minimum wage has several impacts apart from unemployment. The minimum-wage workers would have to pay more taxes and receive fewer benefits if they are subjected to rise of minimum wage. The federal marginal rate for tax is 32 percent on an average for low earning mem bers. This would amount to almost one third of the income of a worker. The tax rate is quite high for low paid workers. The rise of minimum wage would also reduce some of the advantages and leverages that the low-wage workers

Human Development By Jared Diamond - 1887 Words

As a biologist, Jared Diamond ventures to New Guinea to study bird evolution, where he fortuitously meets the local politician, Yali who asks how Diamond’s people were able to colonize New Guinea and attain more resources within the last 200 years than Yali’s New Guinean ancestors. Diamond did not have a simple answer to this question, as he would have to probe deeper into accounts of many different factors. He rephrases the question, asking why human development ensued at different rate in different continents. He theorizes that racial differences played no part in causing the differences that occurred, eliminating the immoral and erroneous perspective. He then juxtaposes the current lifestyles of children in America and New Guinea, and shows how westerners spend more time with electronics and other forms of entertainment whereas the children of New Guinea engage in more proactive tasks. Diamond also remarks how the indigenous societies are arguably more intelligent, b ut their circumstances are limited. The superiority in technology, agriculture, immunity to diseases and manufactured goods are capacitated by environment, not genetics. Jared Diamond begins his treatise from the very beginning. The primitive origins of human development started in Africa seven million years ago. Human development was bound within Africa until six million years later, when the Homo erectus migrated from Africa. After which, what Diamond coins â€Å"The Great Leap Forward†, occurs 50,000 yearsShow MoreRelatedGuns, Germs And Steel By Jared Diamond1402 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book, â€Å"Guns, Germs and Steel† by Jared Diamond, Part Two talks about the roots of guns, germs, and steel, geographical differences relating to food production, causes of the spread of food production, development of ancient crops that are still used today, and domestication. Jared Diamond mostly likes to talk about the development of the Eurasian society and why they are more powerful. Instead of proximate causes that get straight to the point, he takes a different route that leads to ultimateRead More Gus germs and steel Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesGus germs and steel 1. Yali asks Diamond, â€Å"Why is it that you white people developed sp much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own.† 2. Jared Diamond’s thesis seems to be that external factors such as geography can affect the fate of human societies. In other words, what separates the winners from the losers is geography. Chapter 1 1. â€Å"The Great Leap Forward† is when human history developed about 50,000 years ago. 2. The giant moasRead MoreEssay on History of Disparity in Development650 Words   |  3 PagesDisparity in Development Human is one of few creatures of mother earth that can think and decide what is right or wrong. Due to that special characteristic, people are always curious about something and try to find the reason about it. In 1974, Jared Diamond was staying in Papua New Guinea, and one day, a local named Yali asked Diamond a deceptively simple question â€Å"Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo, but we black people had little cargo of our own?† (NGO, 2005) Jared thought itRead MoreHuman Expansion through Environmental Interaction Essay682 Words   |  3 Pagesrelating to the interaction between humans and the environment relating to demography and disease, and technology. The theme relating to the formation of political entities is important in history because a political entity shows ideological and technological innovation. Political entities form various political structures and forms of governance that led to conflicts that illustrated the human capacity for viole nce. Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel details the human interaction with the environmentRead More In Praise of Jared Diamonds Guns, Germs, and Steel Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn Praise of Jared Diamonds Guns, Germs, and Steel Jared Diamonds bestseller Guns, Germs, and Steel (GGS) is an attempt to explain why some parts of the world are currently powerful and prosperous while others are poor. Diamond is both a physiologist and a linguist who spends a good deal of his time living with hunter gathers in Papua New Guinea. As a researcher and as a human being, he is convinced that all people have the same potential. Hunter gatherers are just as intelligent, resourcefulRead MoreGuns, Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond951 Words   |  4 Pagesand Steel, by Jared Diamond. The book was very interesting but a lot of the information could have been cut because it’s a bit too long. Jared Diamond is a scientist, not a historian and he’s American. He upset many historians around the world by the way he bashes Europeans. However, he did win a Pulitzer Prize for the book so that says something. Jared Diamond is a professor of Geography at UCLA and a world traveler. He believes that in the past 13,000 years of human history, agricultureRead MoreGuns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond1213 Words   |  5 Pagesand Steel: The Fates of Human Societies Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond is an outstanding book about how different societies changed developmentally through time. Diamond tells readers about how many societies developed faster than others and how wealth and power spread throughout different regions of the continents. Wealth was spread unevenly because many societies had less technological advances or developed after another society. Diamond uses a question and answerRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pages and Steel written by Jared Diamond explains a variety of different themes as to why the world came to be as it is today. The differences in technology and advances differing between other countries. Why is Eurasia more advanced and innovated than other continents like, the Americas? Why didn’t every country develop to an equal pace in advancement? Diamond’s major theme is that environmental differences influenced the differences in the world†™s society’s not different human intellectuals. He illustratesRead MoreGuns Germs And Steel Summary955 Words   |  4 PagesJared Diamond’s theory of global differences in his book entitled â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel† is the result of geography and climate and not human differences such as race and culture. Jared Diamond is a biology professor at the University of California. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. While studying birds in Papua New Guinea he was asked the question of â€Å"Why you white men have so much cargoRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel1127 Words   |  5 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel In his work, â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel† (W. W. Norton, New York, NY, 1997) Jared Diamond attempts to explain why human history has carried out the way it has, he often refers to accounts from history to support his argument. Accounts that will be deemed adequate will discuss specific groups of people, at a specified period of time. Diamond suggests that guns, germs, and steel are three contributing factors for why the world is in its current state. It is not difficult to recognize

Hobbes And Malcolm X s Views On Political Legitimacy Essay

I attended a dinner party with an upper class, white 17th century philosopher and a Muslim black nationalist from the 1960’s – hypothetically of course. One might think that they would have absolutely nothing in common; however, Thomas Hobbes and Malcolm X have more in common than it appears. While the two theorists are very different, they share several common ideas about political legitimacy. In this paper, I will argue that although both Hobbes and Malcolm X would agree that a government must provide protection for its citizens to be considered legitimate, Malcolm X extends that criteria to include provision of equal representation and benefits, as well as the ability for citizens to change or abolish government. First, I will discuss each of Hobbes and Malcolm X’s understandings of political legitimacy. Second, I will deduce how each theorist would interpret and address the other’s ideas. Finally, I will present my own interpretation and position on po litical legitimacy. While enjoying hors d’oeuvres, the topic of discussion centered around criteria for political legitimacy. Thomas Hobbes led the discussion, outlining what he believes to be legitimate government. While American politics were founded on strict theories of consent, Hobbes is less concerned with the method by which a government is formed. In Leviathan, Hobbes mentions two paths for a sovereign to acquire power, a â€Å"Commonwealth by acquisition†¦[and] a Commonwealth by institution† (Hobbes, p. 110). ThomasShow MoreRelatedPolitical Legitimacy As Viewed By Thomas Hobbes Vs. Malcolm X1586 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical Legitimacy as viewed by Thomas Hobbes vs Malcolm X In â€Å"Leviathan,† Thomas Hobbes believes that citizens choose to obey a sovereign leader in return for security and protection to from violence, chaos and bloodshed that is mankind’s â€Å"state of nature.† In a Commonwealth, the body of people agree to submit to a sovereign head of state to rule with absolute power, for the common good of survival and protection, be it given willingly by compact, or by force through acquisition, as outlined inRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake S treet, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Living in a Dormitory or Living in an Apartment Free Essays

Living in a dormitory or living in an apartment Education plays an importan role in students’ life. That is, the future success of individuals is based on the type and quality of education they receive. Especially, university education determines one’ s future and quality of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Dormitory or Living in an Apartment or any similar topic only for you Order Now For this reason, students try to seek better education opportunities to improve their knowledge and skills. While some students attend universities in the city they live in, others may have to move to other cities and live in a dormitory or an apartment. Although living on campus in a dormitory and living off campus in an apartment resemble each other in terms of school work, they have major differences when it comes to freedom and transportation. Living in a dormitory and living in an apartment are alike in one important respect, which is school work. Not only the students living in a dormitory but also those living in an apartment have classes to attend an exams to take. Furthermore, both the students living in a dormitory and those living in an apartment need to study hard, do homework and hand in their assignments. Therefore, students living in a dormitory and those living in an apartment are similar to each other because they both share similar responsibilities related to school work. Despite being alike in school work, the students living in a dormitory and those living in an apartment have to significant differences as far as freedom and transportation are concerned. One important difference is freedom. The students living on campus in a dormitory have to follow dormitory rules. For example, they have to sign-in and sign-out when leaving and returning to the dormitory. Also, they cannot leave the dorm; tory after a certain hour at night. Furthermore, over- night leave is only permitted with parents’ approval. As a result, the students living in a dormitory have limited freedom. In comparison, the students living in an apartmant do not have any rules to follow. Indeed, they are free to leave or come back to their apartment whenever they want. They may ever choose to stay overnight at their friend’ s house. Another different between students living on campus in a dormitory and those living off campus in an apartment is transportation. The students living in a dormitory do not need to use any means of transport simply because they live on campus. This because the school is usually within walking distance of their dormitory. By comparison, the students living in an apartment may have to use public transport such as buses and the subway or drive their own car in order to commute to school. It is clear that although living in a dormitory and living in an apartment are similar to each other in terms of school work, these two types of accomodation differ greatly in terms of freedom and transportation. While the former seems to offer a limited freedom, the latter provides greater freedom to students. However, when it comes to transportation, the students living in a dormitory seem to have the upper hand. That is why students should think very carefully before choosing which type of accomodation to prefer. How to cite Living in a Dormitory or Living in an Apartment, Papers

How to Love Yourself free essay sample

Learning to love yourself isnt easy especially if youre a survivor of childhood abuse or neglect. But there are things you can do to boost your self-love. Ask for a list of things people Like about you. Sometimes it can be hard to find things we like or love about ourselves. So ask other people to tell you all the things they like about you. Ask a friend, a lover, a therapist. This isnt a replacement for your own love; its a first step in learning to love yourself. You may need to hear the things other people like about before you an value them In housefly.If hearing what people like about is hard, ask your friends to write it down for you, or leave it on your voice mail, so you can read/listen to it over and over. Go back to it as many times as you can. Even if you dont believe that someone can like a particular thing about you, or you dont believe it exists, trust that your friend does see It and value it. When you start to hear critical voices inside your head, go back to those things your friend said/wrote about you, and remember that you are loved.Make a list of the things you like about yourself. Make a list of all the things you Like about yourself. Be as honest as you can. Modesty doesnt help you here; neither do old critical messages. If youre having trouble finding things you value about yourself, think about the things you value and love in your friends, then see if those things exist inside you, too. Most often, they do. Fill a special notebook with your list, or create a set of cards. Make the notebook as beautiful as you can make It something that makes you feel good when you look at It. Then open It up and look at It any time youre feeling down or critical about ourselves, or any time anyone says anything that triggers your criticalness of yourself. Look at this good-things-about-yourself book as frequently as you can. It may seem silly, but repetition really does make a difference. Oust think of the impact one critical phrase said by a parent over and over to a child can have. It really does have an effect! Now try to give that child Inside you at least one truly loving phrase about yourself that he can hold on to. Make it part of your daily routine to praise something in yourself or think about meeting you like about yourself. In this society, were taught that praising ourselves Is selfish and wrong. But praising ourselves for things that are good about ourselves only helps us. It Is a healing thing happier and more true to our own selves And that happiness and ability to be free spreads to others. So.. . Try to think of something that you like about yourself, or something that you did today that made you or someone else feel good no matter how small it may seem.Give yourself the kind of warm praise that you would a friend. Love yourself like a friend lose your eyes and think of a person you deeply love and trust, and who you know loves you a friend, a lover. Think about all the things you love and appreciate about them. Notice how that love feels inside you, how it makes you feel good. Now turn it around the other way be your friend, feeling that same deep love for you. Trust in their love for you, and Just feel it. Let yourself see your self through gentle eyes, with compassion and love the way your friend does, even if you can only do it for a moment.Now let yourself receive that love, the love you have as a friend to ourselves. Feel the warmth move through you. Remember how it feels, and come back to that love another time. Make a note every time someone says something nice about you. Every time someone tells you something about yourself that makes you feel good, write it down or make a mental note and Jot it down later. When you get home, put that note in a container of good things about me. Decorate the container however you like. Keep on adding notes, and read them over every time you need a little boost and even when you dont feel like you do.Have compassion for yourself. If youre feeling really Judgmental about something youve done or said, try to understand where the Judgment is coming from. Not the immediate, surface answer, but an answer deep down inside you. Are you afraid of something, or are you feeling insecure? Do you think you did something wrong, or are you hearing the judgment of a voice from your past? Try to connect to that little kid inside of you whos feeling that way, and really listen to how hes feeling. Hug and reassure that kid, and let him know that he didnt do anything wrong, and that you love him.You can also think of a friend having acted as you did. Imagine how youd feel towards them how youd still love them and readily forgive them if there was anything to forgive. You probably wouldnt even find it bothersome! Try to feel that same love and compassion for yourself. Recognize that the love has to come from you. Be waiting for a parent to give you the love and acceptance you never got as a child. But the kind of love you need (or needed as a child) probably isnt going to come from a parent who abused you or who looked the other way while you were being abused. But it can come from yourself. It can be hard to give it to yourself at first after all, if you didnt receive love as a child, or if some of that love was torn away from you by violence, self-hate may have built up inside you. But you have the courage and strength to love yourself, if youve survived this long. And you do deserve it! So try to connect to that little child inside, that child who deserves all of your love and acceptance. Use Affirmations I know, I know, this sounds corny. But if you hear good things about yourself over and over, you cant help but have some of it sink in.Write out strong, loving things to say to yourself, even if you dont fully believe them. Some examples are: l utterly and completely deserve love and kindness, l am a very lovable person, l am kind, compassionate, intelligent, and wise. (or substitute the words for loving words that you feel best suit you. Now put up those affirmations in places youll see them every day on the fridge, on the bathroom mirror, on your bedside table, next to your favorite chair, on the kitchen wall next to where you cook your food or eat a meal. Dont forget to read them.If youre not comfortable having them up in such public places, then write out a bunch of them (or copies of a few) and put them in places youll find them in your jacket or Jeans pocket, in a book youre reading or a favorite book, in your desk drawer, in with your clothes. Theyre little love notes to yourself. In fact, you may want to do both things have them up and also hidden in places where youll find them. When you read an affirmation, read it slowly, and really let yourself feel it. Dont Just say it by rote. Try to let yourself be there as fully as you can. Recognize Self-critical Messages and Talk to ThemIts easy to let old, critical voices and messages that we heard as a child play over and over in our minds, without stopping them. Often we may barely recognize that they continue to impact how we feel and think about ourselves. Try noticing next time you hear a small (or very loud) voice inside your head criticize you. Be aware of what it is saying to you, and try to talk to it. Ask it why it feels it needs to say those things. Is that part of you trying to protect you, in some child-like logic? Or perhaps that part of you felt it had to take on the messages you heard as a kid.Remind that part of you that you no longer need to do that to survive. You are free to make up your own mind about yourself. Counteract Negative or Critical Thoughts About Yourself Write down all the negative or critical thoughts and messages you hear inside your head. See if you can figure out who first said them to you (or said something of that nature). Then write out a response that counteracts each of those messages, one by one. Make the counter messages as strong and loving as you can. If youre having trouble writing out counter messages, see if you can connect to a deep, wise part inside of you.Or write out what you would say to a friend if a friend said those things about her/himself. Do Comforting and Nurturing Things For Yourself Allow yourself to do comforting and nurturing things for yourself. Let yourself feel how good you feel when you do those things and tell yourself that you deserve to feel that way, to feel good. Gradually youll find that the more nurturing and comforting times you have, the more youll seek them out and they will help build a good feeling inside you. Ask Yourself What You Need to Do Some of these things will work really well for you, while others may not quite fit you. So try taking a moment to get quiet, and ask yourself, What can I do to help myself feel more compassion and love toward myself? Dont force an answer Just let the answer bubble up from inside you. If you find it hard to hear the answer that way, try writing out your question, and then your answer. See what you come up with. You know best what works for you and you have great wisdom inside you. Above all have compassion for yourself and for where youre at. Remember that you are a truly lovable person and that you deserve only kind treatment, especially from yourself.